Knowledge — part 3/4

The woman said: No. Uthman ordered to give punishment to the woman. Being informed of this, ‘Ali denounced the judgment, pursued the case with further precision and said: Perhaps the man has reached her without ingress and his semen has reached her. Therefore, ‘Ali asked: How was your intercourse? The man said: I came before defloration and my semen reached her vulva. ‘Ali said: This child belongs to the old man. My judgment is to punish this man for his denial.[63]

One of the other hard cases on which ‘Ali passed a fair judgment is as follows: A woman gave birth to a son having two heads, two bodies but one flank. This was a quite strange issue for the Holy Prophet’s companions, for they did not know whether this was one man or two men. To remove any ambiguity, they referred to ‘Ali for the answer. ‘Ali said: Take his sleeping and awakening into consideration. Wake him up after sleeping. If the two wake up at the same moment, they are one but if one is asleep and the other awake, they are two, hence two shares of inheritance must be given to them.[64]

Another story of ‘Ali’s judgment concerns a hermaphrodite. To distinguish the sex, ‘Ali ordered to count the hermaphrodite’s right and left ribs. In this way, ‘Ali passed a judgment and determined the sex of the creature, saying: It is a male not a female.[65] One of the other merits of ‘Ali is his injunctions on rebels and outlaws. The Shafi’ite Imam says: I learnt the injunctions concerning the atheists from the Messenger of Allah and those concerning the rebels and outlaws from ‘Ali ibn Abi-Talib Abu-Talib.[66]

الدِّيَةَ عَلَى بَنِي عَدِيٍّ. فَفَعَلَ أميرُ المُؤْمِنينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ.

وَمِنْها: أنَّ امْرَأَةً نَكَحَها شَيخٌ كَبيرٌ فَزَعَمَ الشَّيْخُ أنَّهُ لَمْ يَصِلْ إلَيْها وَأنْكَرَ حَمْلَها فِي خِلافَةِ عُثْمانَ. فَاشْتَبَهُ الحُكْمَ وَسأَلَ المَرْأَةَ: هَلْ افْتَضَّكِ الشَّيْخُ؟ وَكانَتْ بِكْراً، فَقالَتْ: لاَ. فَأَمَرَ عُثْمانُ بِإقامَةِ الحَدِّ عَلَيْها. فَأَنْكَرَ أميرُ المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ ذَلِكَ وَقالَ: لَعَلَّ الشَّيْخَ كَانَ يَنالُ مِنْها وَيَسيلُ المَاءُ فِي قِبَلِها مِنْ غَيْرِ افْتِضاضٍ. فَسَأَلَ الشَّيْخَ فَقالَ: كُنْتُ أُنْزِلُ المَاءَ فِي قِبَلِها مِنْ غَيْرِ وُصولٍ إلَيْها بِالافْتِضاضِ. فَقالَ أمِيرُ المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ: الحَمْلُ لَهُ وَالوَلَدُ وَلَدُهُ، وَأرَى عُقُوبَتَهُ عَلَى الإنْكارِ.

وَمِنْها: أنَّ امْرَأَةً وَلَدَتْ وَلَداً لَهُ رَأْسانِ وَبَدَنانِ عَلَى حَقْوٍ وَاحِدٍ. فَالْتَبَسَ الأَمْرُ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَالتَجَأُوا إلَى أمِيرِ المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ. فَقالَ: إعْتَبِرُوهُ إذَا نَامَ ثُمَّ أَنْبِهوا أَحَدَ البَدَنَيْنِ وَالرَّأْسَيْنِ. فَإنِ انْتَبَها جَميعاً مَعاً فِي حالَةٍ واحِدَةٍ فَهُما إنْسانٌ وَاحِدٌ. وَإنِ اسْتَيْقَظَ أَحَدُهُما وَالآخَرُ نَائِمٌ فَهُما اثْنانِ وَحَقُّهُما مِنَ المِيرَاثِ حَقُّ اثْنَيْنِ.

وَمِنْها: إسْتِخْراجُ حُكْمِ ذِي الفَرْجَيْنِ بِعَدِّ الأضْلاعِ. وَمِنْها: أَحْكامُ البُغاةِ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: عَرَفْنا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ أَحْكامَ المُشْرِكينَ وَمِنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ أَحْكامَ البُغاةِ. وَالقْضَايا الغَريبَةُ كَثيرَةٌ لاَ تُحْصى.

Twelfth: Imam ‘Ali’s superiority over other people is that he challenged the scholars of his time, revealing his superior knowledge asking them to pose to him questions nobody but he could answer. On various occasions, he used to say: Pose to me your questions and receive the answers before I will depart from among you.

Addressing Kumayl ibn Ziyad sorrowfully and pointing with the finger to his chest, ‘Ali would say: I have stored a great amount of knowledge here. I wish I could find those worthy of receiving this knowledge so that I would make them familiar with these divine mysteries and blessings. This is because I am a proof of God on the earth for people. The earth is never deplete of a leader who propagate divine guidelines among people whether he is seen openly by people in society or he is in hiding out of fear of the oppressors’ tyranny. This appointment of Imam is an indisputable divine tradition, to prevent the evident proofs of God from being put into oblivion.

In his sermons, Imam ‘Ali used to admonish people by saying: it is incumbent on you to get to know the person about whose knowledge you are sure. The knowledge which was with Adam on his descent and after him, all prophets and the seal of them, prophet Muhammad were blessed with it, gathered in the household of the Messenger of Allah. You people who are not independent of knowledge have to resort to the progeny of the Messenger of Allah and not the others.[67]

‘Ali’s Prescience

One of the spiritual merits and superiorities of ‘Ali was his prescience which has not been related in the history of Islam for the Ummah of the Holy Prophet (S).

An example of ‘Ali’s prescience was that he used to say: Pose your questions to me before I will depart from among you. By God, if you ask me about a hundred deviated groups or a hundred guided groups, I will inform you of their leaders throughout the time till the Day of Judgment. Amid this, a man rose up and mockingly said: If your knowledge is to that extent, tell me how many hairs are there on my face and head.

‘Ali said: By God, my friend and my beloved, the Messenger of Allah informed me of this question of yours. I can privately tell you that for each hair on your head, there is an angel who will curse you and for each hair on your face there is a Satan who whispers into your heart to do evil. Let it be known to you that in your house, there is a kid (son) who will kill the son of the Messenger of Allah in a not too far future. I would bring up the main reason behind your question if answer to this question did not create a problem. Yet, the reason I will not say more about your question is the same information I gave about you and your cursed son.

الثَّاني عَشَر: أنَّهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ تَحَدّى العُلَماءَ فِي زَمانِهِ وَأمَرَهُمْ بِسُؤالِهِ. فَقالَ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْطِنٍ: سَلُونِي قَبْلَ أَنْ تَفْقِدُونِي.

وَقالَ لِكُمَيْلِ بْنِ زِيادٍ مُتَأَوِّهاً: آهٍ إنَّ هُنا لَعِلْماً جَمَّاً، وَأَشارَ بِيَدِهِ إلَى صَدْرِهِ، لَوْ أَصَبْتُ لَهُ حَمَلَةً. بَلى لاَ تَخْلو الأرْضُ مِنْ قائِمٍ للهِ بِحُجَّةٍ عَلَى عِبادِهِ؛ إمَّا ظَاهِرٌ مَشْهورٌ أوْ خائِفٌ مَغْمورٌ، لِئَلاَّ تَبْطِلَ حُجَجُ اللهِ وَبَيِّناتُهُ. وَقالَ فِي بَعْضِ خِطَبِهِ: أَيُّها النَّاسُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالطَّاعَةِ وَالمَعْرِفَةِ لِمَنْ لاَ تُعْذَرونَ بِجَهالَتِهِ. فَإنَّ العِلْمَ الَّذِي هَبَطَ بِهِ آدَمُ وَجَمِيعَ مَا فُضِّلَتْ بِهِ النَّبِيُّونَ إلَى مُحَمَّدٍ خاتَمِ النَّبِيِّينَ فِي عِتْرَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ. فَأَيْنَ يُتَاهُ بِكُمْ؟ بَلْ أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُونَ؟

الإِخْبارُ بِالغَيْبِ:

وَكَانَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ فَضائِلِهِ النَّفْسانِيَّةِ إخْبارُهُ بِالمُغَيَّباتِ وَلَمْ يَحْصَلْ لأَحَدٍ مِنْ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ ذَلِكَ.

فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ أنَّهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ خَطَبَ يَوْماً فَقالَ فِي خِطْبَتِهِ: سَلُونِي قَبْلَ أَنْ تَفْقِدُونِي؛ فَوَاللهِ لاَ تَسْأَلوني عَنْ فِئَةٍ تُضِلُّ مِائَةً وَتَهْدِي مِائَةً إلاَّ أنْبَأْتُكُمْ بِناعِقِها وَسائِقِها إلَى يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ. فَقامَ إلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقالَ: أَخْبِرْني كَمْ عَلَى رَأْسِي وَلِحْيَتي مِنْ طاقَةِ شَعْرٍ؟ فَقالَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ: وَاللهِ لَقَدْ حَدَّثَني خَلِيلي رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ بِمـا سَــأَلْتَ

At the time the man posed this question, his son was no more than a small child but it was not long before the child became the same commander of the army of Yazid in the events of Karbala’ who killed Imam Husayn.[68]

One of the other examples of ‘Ali’s prescience was his words about Talhah and Zubayr when they went to him to get permission to go on the minor Hajj! Reacting to this, ‘Ali said: By God, you two are not leaving here for performing minor Hajj! In fact, you have not intended to do so. Your main destination is Basrah. But let it be known to you that God will foil their plot and will return their trick to themselves. I will soon gain victory over them. The situation later turned out to be what ‘Ali had foreseen.[69]

Another example of ‘Ali’s prescience is when he was holding a session to receive allegiance from people. In that session he said: A thousand-strong crowd (no more, no less) will come to you from Kufah. Ibn Abbas who was a devoted student and kept everything under watch reports:

To speak about the fixed number of a thousand made my heart beat anxiously, saying to myself: If the crowd will turn out to be less or more than a thousand, the blind-hearted hypocrites will start mocking and denying him. For this reason, I started counting newcomers one by one till it came to be 999. The fact that the number of those attending the session was not a thousand brought sadness to me, saying to myself: Can a true leader like ‘Ali say something wrong. Amid this, I saw a person coming from afar. When he came near, I found out that he was Uways Qarani whose presence made the number perfect.[70]

Another example of ‘Ali’s prescience was the prophecy of the killing of Dhu’l-Thadyah, the Kharijite to people in the battle of Nahrawan.

عَنْهُ. وَإنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ طاقَةِ شَعْرٍ مِنْ رَأْسِكَ مَلَكاً يَلْعَنُكَ، وَإنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ طاقَةِ شَعْرٍ مِنْ لِحْيَتِكَ شَيْطاناً يَسْتَفِزُّكَ، وَإنَّ فِي بَيْتِكَ لَسَخْلاً يَقْتُلُ ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ. وَلَوْلا أنَّ الَّذِي سَأَلْتَ عَنْهُ يَعْسُرُ بُرْهانُهُ لأَخْبَرْتُ، وَلَكِنْ آيَةُ ذَلِكَ مَا نَبَّأْتُكَ بِهِ مِنْ نَفْسِكَ وَسَخْلِكَ الْمَلْعونِ.

وَكانَ ابْنُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الوَقْتِ صَبِيَّاً صَغيراً. فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِن أمْرِ الحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ مَا كَانَ تَوَلّى ابْنُهُ قَتْلَهُ. وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ: قَوْلُهُ لِطَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرِ لَمَّا اسْتَأْذَناهُ فِي الخُروجِ لِلْعُمْرَةِ: لاَ وَاللهِ، مَا يُريدَانِ العُمْرَةَ إنَّما يُريدانِ البَصْرَةَ، وَأنَّ اللهَ تَعالَى سَيَرُدُّ كَيْدَهُما وَيُظْفِرُنِي بِهِما. وَكانَ الأَمْرُ كَما قَالَ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَقَدْ جَلَسَ لأَخْذِ البَيْعَةِ: يَأتيكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ الكُوفَةِ ألْفُ رَجُلٍ لاَ يَزيدونَ واحِداً وَلا يَنْقُصونَ واحِداً يُبايِعوني عَلَى الْمَوْتِ. قَالَ ابن عَبَّاسٍ: فَجَزِعْتُ لِذَلِكَ وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ القَوْمُ عَنِ العَدَدِ أَوْ يَزِيدوا عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ أَزَلْ مَهْموماً فَجَعَلْتُ أُحْصيهِمْ فَاسْتَوْفَيْتُ تِسْعَ مِائَةٍ وَتِسْعَةً وَتِسْعيــنَ رَجُـلاً ثُمَّ انْقَطَـعَ مَجيءُ القَوْمِ. فَبَيْنا مُفَكِّرٌ فِي ذَلِكَ إذْ رَأَيْتُ شَخْصاً قَدْ أقْبَلَ فَإذا هُوَ أُوَيْسٌ القِرَنيُّ تَمامَ العَدَدِ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ إخْبارُهُ بِقَتْلِ ذي الثَّدْيَةِ مِنَ الخَوارِجِ. فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ جَعَلَ يَطْلُبُهُ فِي القَتْلى وَيَقولُ:

Searching for Dhu’l-Thadyah’s body after the battle among those killed, ‘Ali said: By God, I am not telling lie, for he has been killed. Soon, he was found killed among the dead. To assure others, ‘Ali tore Dhu’l-Thadyah’s shirt on the top exposing swelling on his shoulder looking like a woman breast with a few hairs on it. If this swelling were pulled his shoulder blade would be pulled too and if it were set free, his shoulder blade would go back to its place.[71]

About ‘Ali’s prescience, Jandab ibn Abdullah Azdi reports: A horse rider who informed ‘Ali of the situation in the front, coming to ‘Ali said: the Khawarij have crossed Nahrawan river. ‘Ali said: They have not crossed the river yet. The man said: By God, they have crossed it. ‘Ali said: They have never crossed the river. A second man came, reporting what the first man had said, adding: I saw them crossing the river. Again ‘Ali said: By God, they have not crossed the river, for all of them except a few will be killed here while referring to their killing place.

Jandab reports: I took an oath in my heart to be the first one to fight ‘Ali if what the reporters say is true and to be among ‘Ali’s army if they are wrong. We then went to the front with ‘Ali to discover the truth. It was there that I found out what ‘Ali had said was true, for they had not crossed the river and eventually all of them except a few were killed there.[72] Another example of ‘Ali’s knowledge about things before they happen, is his own martyrdom, saying: By God, this will be dyed, pointing to his beard which was dyed with the blood running from his head.[73]

One of the other examples of ‘Ali’s prescience was when he said: Juwayriyah ibn Ma’shar would be hanged after amputation of his hands and legs. A short time after this, under the rule of Mu’awiyah, Ziyad ibn Abi- amputated his hands and legs and then hanged him.[74] Foreseeing the martyrdom of Maytham Tammar, ‘Ali said: He would be the tenth person killed with a dagger in his side at the door of the house of Amr ibn Harith and then hanged by a palm tree, pointing the tree to Maytham. Thence, he would come to the tree, performed prayer, to Amr: As I will be your neighbor, you have to observe good neighborly relations. Soon afterwards, Ubaydullah ibn Ziyad hanged him by the same tree and had him stricken in his side which led to his martyrdom.[75]

وَاللهِ مَا كَذِبْتُ وَلا كُذِّبْتُ. حَتَّى وَجَدَهُ فِي القَوْمِ فَشَقَّ قَميصَهُ وَكانَ عَلَى كَتِفِهِ سَلْعَةٌ كَثَدْيِ المَرْأَةِ عَلَيْها شَعراتٌ إذَا جُذِبَتْ انْجَذَبَتْ كَتِفُهُ مَعَها وَإذا تُرِكَتْ رَجَعَتْ كَتِفُهُ إلَى مَوْضِعِها.

ومن ذَلِكَ: مَا رَواهُ جُنْدُبُ بنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الأزدِيُّ قَالَ: جاءَ فارِسٌ إلَى أمِير المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَقالَ: إنَّ القَوْمَ قَدْ عَبَروا النَّهَرَ. فَقالَ: كلاّ مَا عَبَروهُ. فَقالَ: بَلى وَاللهِ لَقَدْ فَعَلوا. فَقالَ: كلاّ مَا فَعَلوا. فَجاءَ آخَرُ فَأَخْبَرَ بِعُبورِهِمْ وَقالَ: مَا جِئْتُ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ الرَّاياتِ فِي ذَلِكَ الجانِبِ وَالأثْقالَ. فَقالَ: وَاللهِ مَا فَعَلوا وَأنَّهُ لَمَصْرَعُهُمْ. فَحَلَفْتُ فِي نَفْسي إنْ كَانَ الأمْرُ كَما أخْبَرَ أُولئِكَ لأَكونَنَّ أوَّلَ مَنْ يُقاتِلُهُ وَإنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَقِيتُ عَلَى المُحارَبَةِ مَعَهُ. ثُمَّ مَضَيْتُ مَعَهُ إلَى الصُّفوفِ فَوَجَدْتُ الأمْرَ كَما قَالَ أمِير المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ.

ومن ذَلِكَ: إخْبارُهُ عَنْ قَتْلِ نَفْسِهِ فَقالَ: وَاللهِ لَتُخَضَّبُنَّ هَذِهِ مِنْ هَذَا، وَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأسِهِ وَلِحْيَتِهِ. ومن ذَلِكَ: إخْبارُهُ بِصَلْبِ جُوَيْرِيَةَ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ بَعْدَ قَطْعِ يَدَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ. فَقَطَعَ زِيادٌ فِي أيَّامِ مُعاوِيَةَ يَدَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ وَصَلَبَهُ. ومن ذَلِكَ: إخْبارُهُ بِصَلْبِ مَيْثَمٍ التَّمَّارِ وَطَعْنِهِ بِحَرْبَةٍ عاشِرَ عَشَرَةٍ عَلَى بابِ دارِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ. وَأراهُ النَّخْلَةَ الَّتي يُصْلَبُ عَلَى جِذْعِها، فَكانَ مَيْثَمُ يَأتيها وَيُصَلّي عِنْدَها وَيَقولُ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حُرَيثٍ: إنّي مُجاوِرُكَ فَأَحْسِنْ جِوارِي. فَصَلَبَهُ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ زِيادٍ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ وَطَعَنَهُ بِحَرْبَةٍ.

Imam ‘Ali also foresaw amputation of hands and legs of Rashid Hejri as well as his hanging.[76]

Another example of Imam ‘Ali’s prescience was foreseeing the martyrdom of his faithful aide, Kumayl ibn Ziyad by Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, the cruel. After not long time since the martyrdom of ‘Ali, Hajjaj martyred Kumayl and ‘Ali’s prediction came true.[77]

On another occasion, Imam ‘Ali foresaw the martyrdom of Qanbar at Hajjaj’s hands, for he had heard these predictions from the Messenger of Allah and he had to inform people of it at a proper time. One day when Hajjaj was sitting among his treacherous collaborators he said: I would like to kill one of the aides of Abu-Turab to get near to God, introduce one to me. They said: One who has been long with Abu-Turab is Qanbar. So he immediately summoned him saying: Give up the faith of Abu-Turab!

Qanbar said: Do you know any better faith than that of ‘Ali? Being helpless to give an answer, Hajjaj said: I have decided to kill you. It is up to you to choose its kind! Qanbar said: I will give you the option. Hajjaj said: Why? Qanbar said: I will kill you the same way you will kill me, for my master, Amir al-Mu’minin had informed me that I would be martyred by a blood-thirsty like you! The blood-sucking Hajjaj immediately ordered to behead Qanbar and the executioner beheaded him. In this way Qanbar went to heaven.[78]

Another example of ‘Ali’s prescience was that a man came to him saying: I passed by Wadi al-Qira, saw Khalid ibn Arfatah passing away and buried there. O Amir al-Mu’minin, seek forgiveness for him. ‘Ali said: He has not died and will not die till he will lead the deviated group whose standard bearer is Habib ibn Hammar. At this time, a man sitting there said: O Amir al-Mu’minin, I am a Shi’ite following you.

‘Ali said: Who are you? He said: Habib ibn Hammar! ‘Ali said: Beware not to be the standard bearer of that group but I am sure, you will be! You will enter the mosque through this gate, pointing to the gate called Bab al-Fil. When ‘Ali was martyred, Imam Hasan was poisoned and passed away, when Imam Husayn’s uprising came about and Karbala’ event happened, and Umar ibn Sa’d was appointed as commander of the army by Ubaydullah ibn Ziyad and equipped Kufah’s army to fight Imam Husayn, he entrusted the army command to Khalid ibn Arfatah and made Habib ibn Hammar its standard bearer. The latter entered the mosque from the same gate, i.e., Bab al-Fil, and thence went to Karbala’, taking part in the fight against the son of the Holy Prophet (S).[79]

ومن ذَلِكَ: إخْبارُهُ بِقَطْعِ يَدَيْ رَشيدٍ الهَجْريِّ وَرِجْلَيْهِ وَصَلْبِهِ، فَفُعِلَ بِهِ ذَلِكَ. ومن ذَلِكَ: إخْبارُهُ بِأنَّ الحَجَّاجَ يَقْتُلُ كُمَيلَ بنِ زِيادٍ، وَكانَ الأمْرُ كَذَلِكَ.

ومن ذَلِكَ: إخْبارُهُ بِقَتْلِ قَنْبَر. وَكانَ الحَجَّاجُ قَالَ يَوْماً: أُحِبُّ أنْ أُصيبَ رَجُلاً مِنْ أصْحابِ أَبِي تُرابٍ فَأَتَقَرَّبُ إلَى اللهِ تَعالَى بِدَمِهِ. فَقيلَ لَهُ: مَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَداً كَانَ أطْوَلَ صُحْبَةً لأبي تُرابٍ مِنْ قَنْبَرٍ مَوْلاهُ. فَأحْضَرَهُ وَقالَ: إبْرَأْ مِنْ دينِهِ. قَالَ: فَإذا بَرِئْتُ مِنْ دِينهِ تَدُلُّني عَلَى دينٍ غَيْرِهِ أفْضَلَ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: إنّي قاتِلُكَ فَاخْتَرْ أيَّ قَتْلَةٍ أحِبُّ إلَيْكَ. قَالَ: قَدْ صَيَّرْتُ ذَلِكَ إلَيْكَ. قَالَ: وَلِمَ؟ قَالَ: لأنَّكَ لاَ تَقْتُلُني قَتْلَةً إلاَّ قَتَلْتُكَ مِثْلَها. وَبِهذا أخْبَرَني أمِيرُ المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ إنّ مَنِيَّتي تَكونُ ذَبحا ظُلْماً بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ. فَأمَرَ بِهِ فَذُبِحَ.

ومن ذَلِكَ: أنَّ رَجُلاً جاءَ إلَى أمِير المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَقالَ: يَا أمِير المُؤْمِنِينَ إنّي مَرَرْتُ بِوادِي القِرى فَرَأَيْتُ خالِدَ بْنَ عَرْفَطَةَ قَدْ ماتَ بِها فَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُ. فَقالَ أمِير المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ: إنَّهُ لَمْ يَمُتْ وَلا يَموتُ حَتَّى يَقودَ جَيْشَ ضَلالَةٍ، صاحِبُ لِوائِهِ حَبيبُ بْنُ حَمَّارٍ. فَقامَ رَجُلُ مِنْ تَحْتِ المِنْبَرِ فَقالَ: يَا أمِير المُؤْمِنِينَ، إنّي لَكَ شيعَةٌ وَإنّي لَكَ مُحِبٌّ. فَقالَ: وَمَنْ أنْتَ؟ قَالَ: أنَا حَبيبُ بْنُ حَمَّارٍ. قَالَ: إيَّاكَ أنْ تَحْمِلَها، وَلَتَحْمِلُنَّها فَتَدْخُلُ بِها هَذَا البابَ. وَأَومَأَ بِيَدِهِ إلَى بابِ الفيلِ. فَلَمَّا مَضى أمِير المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَمضى الحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِما السَّلامُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَكانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ مَا كَانَ، بَعَثَ ابْنُ زِيادٍ بِعُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَلَيْهِمُ اللَّعْنَةُ، إلَى الْحُسَـيْن عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَجَعَلَ خالِدَ بْنَ

Another occasion which shows Imam ‘Ali’s prescience was when addressing Bara ibn Azib. ‘Ali said: My son, Husayn will be killed while you are alive but you do not help him. After martyrdom of the master of the martyrs, Bara said: By God, ‘Ali informed me of Husayn’s martyrdom. Yes, he was martyred but I did not help him. He expressed regret as long as he lived following the events of Karbala’ for not having helped Imam Husayn.[80]

One of the other examples of ‘Ali’s prescience is a Hadith reported by Juwayriyah ibn Ma’shar Abdi on the authority of ‘Ali about Imam Husayn. He has reported: When I was accompanying ‘Ali on the way to Siffin, when we reached the high lands of Karbala’, ‘Ali stood in a corner of the army camp, looking right and left, he started weeping.

Then, he said: By God, this is their landing place where they are killed. Someone asked: O Amir al-Mu’minin, what is the name of this land? ‘Ali said: This is the land of Karbala’ and the place of martyrdom of a group who will go to paradise without reckoning. People did not understand what he meant till Imam Husayn and his companions were martyred there.[81]

The last example of ‘Ali’s prescience is about the building of the city of Baghdad, Abbasid rule, their performance for five hundred and odd years, name of each of them and their fall by Hulagu Khan.

Allamah Hilli says: My father has related this news and has a few words as to why Mongol did not invade the cities of Hillah and Kufah nor the two holy cities of Najaf and Karbala’, for Mongol did not invade any city without having ruined it and killed its inhabitants. It was for this reason that when Hulagu besieged Baghdad, looting by Mongols had intimidated everyone though Baghdad had not collapsed yet.

When the news of Mongols reached the people of Hillah, they all left their homes for deserts out of fear and a few of them including my late father, Sayyid Majd al-Din ibn Tawus and the great jurisprudent, ibn Abi’l-Izz who remained in the city. These people gathered in a place, exchanged views on how to save themselves and the residents of Hillah and finally decided to write a letter to Hulagu expressing their allegiance to him and assuring him that they would not confront him but were obeying his instructions. They sent the letter to Hulagu through a Persian-speaking man. Having received the letter, Hulagu ordered two men by the names of Tekolm and Aladdin to go to the city of Hillah and convey to the inhabitants of the city the message to the effect that if you obey the sultan, you must rush to meet him.

عَرْفَطَةَ عَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ وَحَبيبَ بْنَ حَمَّارٍ صاحِبَ رايَتِهِ. فَسارَ بِها حَتَّى دَخَلَ المَسْجِدَ مِنْ بابِ الفيلِ. ومن ذَلِكَ: قَوْلُهُ لِلبَراءِ بْنِ عازِبٍ: يُقْتَلُ ابْني الْحُسَيْنُ وَأنْتَ حَيٌّ لاَ تَنْصُرُهُ. فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ الحُسَيْنُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ كَانَ البَراءُ يَقولُ: حَدَّثَنِي، وَاللهِ، عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ بِقَتْلِ الحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَلَمْ أَنْصُرْهُ. ثُمَّ أَظْهَرَ الحْسَرَةَ وَالنَّدَمَ.

ومن ذَلِكَ: مَا رَواهُ جُوَيْرِيَّةُ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ العَبْديُّ قَالَ: لَمَّا تَوَجَّهْنا إلَى صِفِّينَ مَعَ أمِير المُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَبَلَغْنا طُفُوفَ كَرْبَلاءَ وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ ناحِيَةً مِنَ العَسْكَرِ ثُمَّ نَظَرَ يِميناً وَشِمالاً وَاسْتَعْبَرَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذَا وَاللهِ مَناخُ رِكابِهِمْ وَمَوْضِعُ مَنِيَّتِهِمْ. فَقيلَ لَهُ: يَا أمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ، مَا هَذَا المَوْضِعُ؟ فَقالَ: هَذَا كَرْبَلاءُ، يُقْتَلُ فِيهِ قَوْمٌ يَدْخُلُونَ الجَنَّةَ بِغَيْرِ حِسابٍ. ثُمَّ سارَ وَكانَ النَّاسُ لاَ يَعْلَمونَ تَأْويلَ مَا قَالَ حَتَّى كَانَ مِنْ أمْرِ الحُسَيْن عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ مَا كَانَ.

وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ: إخْبارُهُ بِعِمارَةِ بَغْدادَ وَمُلْكِ بَني العَبَّاسِ وَذِكْرِ أحْوالِهِمْ وَأَخْذِ المَغُولِ المُلْكَ مِنْهُمْ. رَواهُ والِدِي رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعالَى. وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ سَبَبَ سَلامَةِ أَهْلِ الحِلَّةِ وَالكُوفَةِ وَالمَشْهَدَيْنِ الشَّريفَيْنِ مِنَ القَتْلِ، لأنَّهُ لَمَّا وَصَلَ السُّلْطانُ هولاكو إلَى بَغْدادَ وَقَبْلَ أنْ يَفْتَحَها هَرَبَ أكْثَرُ أهْلِ الحِلَّةِ إلَى البَطائِحِ إلاَّ القَليلَ. فَكَانَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ القَليلِ والِدِي رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَالسَّيِّدُ مَجْـدُ الدِّينِ بْنِ طاوُوسٍ وَالفَقيهُ ابْنُ أَبِي العِزِّ. فَأجْمَعَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى مُكــاتَبَةِ

The two men came to the city of Hillah informing people of Sultan’s order but no one dared to take any action or go to Hulagu with them, for they did not know what would finally happen. My father said: If I go to Hulagu by myself and brief him on the affair, there will be no need for the presence of others. Sayyid ibn Tawus and ibn Abi’l-Izz too approved his decision, saying: You go to Hulagu along with these two agents and convey to him the decision of others. It is well to mention that my father went to meet Hulagu before the conquest of Baghdad and the killing of the last Abbasid caliph.

Receiving my father, Hulagu said: How did you decide to come to me when the end of affairs is not clear, when Caliph’s problem with me is still unresolved, when he may decide to make peace with me and I may leave him to himself and leave this place? My father said: What we have done is based on a narration from our master, Amir al-Mu’minin who has spoken of Baghdad in this way: Al-Zawra and what will make you comprehend what Al-Zawra is?

It is a land abounding in Manna trees. Sky-touching buildings will be made there and people turn to it from everywhere.

There are abundant treasures in the depth of it persuading its inhabitant to suffer a lot in order to gain it. The sons of Abbas will turn it into the seat of their rule. They will also turn it into a place of debauchery, oppression, injustice and violation of the rights of the deprived people. The leaders of this city are a group of adulterers, lewd scientists, and treacherous viziers.

Their employees are the sons of Persia and Rome. If there is any praiseworthy act, no one will do it and if there is any blameworthy act, they will not forsake it. In that city, men have inclination towards men and women have intercourse with women. Amid this tumult, people of this city will be afflicted with murder and looting by the dominating Turks.

Long-lasting moaning and cries will be raised among the residents of this city. What will make you comprehend what the Turks are? They are people with slant eyes, shield-like faces who are iron-clad with no hair on their faces. Their commander is a man with loud voice whose authority is all-encompassing with a great ambition. He will not pass by any city without conquering it. No banner is raised against him without being toppled. Woe to one who is hostile to him. He keeps on seizing all the cities till he conquers everywhere and brings them under his control.

السُّلْطانِ بِأَنَّهُمْ مُطِيعونَ داخِلونَ تَحْتَ الأيلِيَّةِ. وَأَنْفَذوا بِهِ شَخْصاً أعْجَمِيَّاً. فَأَنْفَذَ السُّلْطانُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَرَماناً مَعَ شَخْصَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُما يُقال لَهُ: تَكْلَمُ. وَالآخَرُ يُقالُ لَهُ: عَلاءُ الدِّينِ. وَقالَ لَهُما إنْ كَانَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ كَما وَرَدَتْ بِهِ كُتُبُهُمْ فَيَحْضُرونَ إلَيْنا.

فَجاءَ الأمِيرانِ فَخَافوا لِعَدَمِ مَعْرِفَتِهِمْ بِما يَنْتَهِي الحَالُ إلَيْهِ. فَقالَ وَالِدِي رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: إنْ جِئْتُ وَحْدي كَفَى؟ فَقالا: نَعَمْ. فَصَعَدَ مَعَهُما. فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ فَتْحِ بَغْدادَ وَقَبْلَ قَتْلِ الخَليفَةِ قَالَ لَهُ: كَيْفَ أَقْدَمْتُمْ مُكاتَبَتِي وَالحُضُورَ عِنْدِي قَبْلَ أنْ تَعْلَموا مَا يَنْتَهي إلَيْهِ أَمْري وَأمْرُ صاحِبِكُمْ؟ وَكَيْفَ تَأْمَنونَ أنْ صالَحَنِي وَرَحَلْتُ عَنْهُ؟

فَقالَ لَهُ والِدِي: إنَّما أقْدَمْنا عَلَى ذَلِكَ لأنَّا رُوينا عَنْ إمَامِنا عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ أنَّهُ قَالَ فِي بَعْضِ خُطَبِهِ: الزَّوُراءُ وَما أدْراكَ مَا الزَّوْراءُ؟ أرْضٌ ذاتُ أثْلٍ يَشْتَدُّ فِيها البُنْيانُ وَيَكْثُرُ فِيها السُّكَّانُ وَيَكونُ فيهَا قَهازِمُ وَخُزَّانٌ. يَتَّخِذُها وِلْدُ العَبَّاسِ مَوطِناً وَلِزُخْرُفِهِمْ مَسْكناً. تَكونُ لَهُمْ دارُ لَهْوٍ وَلَعِبٍ يَكونُ بِهَا الْجَوْرُ الْجَائِرُ وَالْخَوْفُ الْمُخيفُ وَالأئِمَّةُ الْفَجَرَةُ وَالقُرَّاءُ الفَسَقَةُ وَالوُزَراءُ الخَوَنَةُ. يَخْدِمُهُمْ أبْناءُ فارِسٍ وَالرُّومِ. لاَ يَأْتَمِرُونُ بِمَعْروفٍ إذَا عَرَفُوهُ وَلا يَتَناهَوْنَ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ إذَا أنْكَروهُ. يَكْتَفي الرِّجالُ مِنْهُمْ بِالرِّجالِ وَالنِّساءُ بِالنِّساءِ. فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ الغَمُّ الغَميمُ وَالبُكَاءُ الطَّويلُ وَالوَيْلُ وَالعَويلُ لأَِهْــلِ

When we heard, read about and saw all these features about you, we found out that you have all these features in you, so we set our hope on you and decided to come to you. Hearing this, Hulagu became extremely pleased and happy. So, he wrote a decree in the name of my father in which he gave amnesty to the residents of Hillah and the nearby cities and never invaded them.[82]

---

[13] Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. 2, pp. 98

[14] Hilyat al-Awliya’, vol. 1, pp. 67

[15] Kashf al-Ghummah, vol. 1, pp. 113

[16] Dala’il al-Nubuwwah, vol. 5, pp. 397

[17] Musnad, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, vol. 1, pp. 83-88,156

[18] Manaqib, Khawarizmi, chap. 7, pp. 40

[19] Manaqib, Khawarizmi, chap. 7, pp. 40

[20] Sahih, vol. 5, pp. 637

[21] Masabih al-Sunnah Baqwi, vol. 4, pp. 174