Najafi Q&A: Fast-breaking Zakat

A person separated the Zakat al-Fitr and later he paid a different amount to a poor person as Zakat al-Fitr without paying the originally separated amount. What is the ruling in the following cases: 1.If this was done out of ignorance of the ruling and then he became aware of the correct ruling either before or after the noon on the day of Eid? Does the ruling differ if the ignorance was due to negligence or not? Does the payment suffice, or must the separated Zakat be given? 2.If this was done out of forgetfulness and then he remembered the ruling either before or after the noon on the day of Eid, does the payment suffice, or must the separated Zakat be given? 3.If this was done intentionally with knowledge of the ruling, does the payment suffice, or must the separated Zakat be given?

If a person takes out a 100 Riyal note and intends that 80 Riyals of it be for Zakat al-Fitr and the remaining amount as a recommended charity, does this count as separation (for Zakat)? If this does not constitute separation and the time for paying Zakat al-Fitr has passed, and the person gives it to the poor, is their obligation fulfilled, or must they give another amount with the intention of general closeness to Allah, either as a current payment or as a delayed one?

Does the criterion for being considered a "provider" (mu'il) solely depend on providing food and drink? For example, if a father donates an apartment in his house for his son to live in, or if the father rents an apartment outside the house and allows his son to use it, and the married son provides food and drink for himself, his wife, and children, is the maintainer exclusively the son or both the son and the father?

Is it permissible to add an extra amount to the Zakat al-Fitr with the intention of charity, such as if the amount of Zakat al-Fitr is 20 riyals, to set aside 25 riyals—20 of which is for Zakat al-Fitr and the remaining for charity?

A person has a son who lives in an apartment in his father’s house rent-free. The son pays the electricity bill, water bill, food expenses, and all other living expenses for his wife and children from his own money. Based on this, there are three issues as follows: First Issue: Is the father required to pay a portion of the fast-breaking zakat (zakat al-fitr) for his son because he allows him to live in his house without rent? Second Issue: Is the father’s provision of an apartment for his son to live in considered a form of support, thereby making the father responsible for part of his son's expenses? Third Issue: What is the criterion for calculating the father's share of the zakat al-fitr if the fitrah is to be distributed between the father and the son? For example, if the father takes care of the rent, does this mean that the rent equals half of the fitrah, so the father is responsible for half of the fitrah, or does it equal a quarter, so the father is responsible for a quarter of the fitrah?

If a person does not know that Zakat al-Fitr should be given in the form of common food items and instead gives cash, believing it to be Zakat al-Fitr without intending it as a substitute, and without the intention of substituting it for the value of the food, but rather thinking that the cash itself is Zakat al-Fitr out of ignorance of the rule, does it suffice or not?

If someone gives another person Zakat al-Fitr, thinking that person deserves and is poor, is it obligatory for the recipient to return it and inform the giver that they do not deserve it?

Q1. Is it obligatory in Fast-breaking Zakat to pay the same money that the fasting person has paid? Is it permissible to pay another money, either from the same crop or from another? Noting that the money we pay to the poor is not the money that the fasting person has taken out? Question 2: A fasting person in Russia should pay Fast-breaking Zakat in a Russian currency. Is it permissible to transfer it through the bank?

If I have taken out the amount of Fast-breaking Zakat to give it to the poor, but I have forgotten, and when I came out I met this poor, which of the following is true: 1. Giving another amount to the poor under the title of debt, and taking a permission from him to pay the debt from the Fast-breaking Zakat which I have already taken out? 2. Giving another amount to the poor entitled Fast-breaking Zakat. As for the second amount taken out, it will be paid with the intention of giving charity or absolute closeness to Allah?