Q1.What is the ruling of a person (alive) donating an organ that he can live without, like the kidneys,…

Answer

In the name of Allah, as long as a person is alive, he has the right to do what he wants for his organs by selling or donating them, except if extracting these organs from him would cause his death or getting a fatal disease. It is yes if it were before the death of a human and his death is close, for example clinical death, then this transfer in permissible with the consent of the owner of the organ. And know, my son, that if a person dies his body goes out of his possession, and therefore there is no value of the living person's consent to transfer his (the dead) organs to others after his death, and it is not permissible for him to ask in his will to donate some of his organs to anyone because the ruling over the body of the dead is for the Imam (AJ) only and for the representatives (religious authority) in his absence. And there is no value to the consent of the deceased's heirs. While after his death, if he is a non-Muslim, it is permissible to transfer from him, and if he is a Muslim, it is not permissible, unless the life of a Shia Muslim would be saved from the inevitable death or something similar to death. Blood money (Diyya) is confirmed for cutting off the organ from the dead and paid to the awaited Imam (PBUH) and it is not transferred to the heirs of the dead. Allah knows best