Najafi Q&A: Stocks

Is it permissible to buy and sell shares of commercial companies in global stock markets, most of which are in non-Islamic countries, and some of their trades may include non-permissible transactions, even if such trades constitute a small proportion of the total?

Is it permissible for Muslims, whether individuals or companies, to participate in global stock markets and compete in them like others?

There is a type of currency called digital currency, defined as follows: Digital currencies are currencies available in digital form without any physical existence. They have characteristics similar to physical currencies but allow instant transactions and borderless transfer of ownership. Examples include virtual currencies or even central bank-issued digital fiat currencies. Like traditional money, they can be used to buy goods and services. Digital currencies are not backed by gold reserves or central banks and can be limited to specific communities, such as use within an online game or social network. A digital currency is a financial balance recorded electronically on a stored-value card or another device. Among the most famous types is Bitcoin, which is a network providing a new payment system and a completely electronic currency. Bitcoin is considered the first decentralized payment network managed entirely by its users without any central authority or intermediaries. From the user's perspective, Bitcoin can be largely likened to cash specifically for the internet. What is the ruling on dealing, speculating, buying goods and services, and other activities with it?

Is it permissible to buy and sell digital currency?

Is it permissible to trade in the stock market?