Najafi Q&A: Ablution

What is the ruling on wudu if the person performing it washed the left hand three times in the following cases: 1.If he washed the left hand three times out of unintentional ignorance. 2.If he washed the left hand three times out of deliberate ignorance. 3.If he washed the left hand three times by mistake. 4.If he washed the left hand three times as an act of taqiyya?

If a person mistakenly believed that performing ghusl three times is required in wudu and continued this practice for a long time, must he make up his prayers? And in this case, if he wiped the moisture from his beard or eyebrows when his hands were dry, is it considered valid?

Does the presence of excess water or heavy sweat on the parts of wudu that must be washed affect the validity of the washing, or must it be dried first?

It is recommended, when washing the right forearm, to take the water with the right hand and pour it into the left hand, then pour it over the right forearm. Is this recommendation specific to taking water by scoops from a container, or does it also include taking it from a pitcher, spout, or similar? And if it is specific to scoops, what is the ruling on wudu if one intends the recommendation while taking water from a spout, pitcher, or similar?

There is a person who suffers from a skin allergy triggered by any cold. When any of his limbs—such as the forearm or the leg from the knee to the foot—are exposed, he experiences such a reaction that it can even lead to choking. As a result, performing ablution (wudu) or full ritual washing (ghusl) with water is impossible for him, and if he tries to perform tayammum (dry ablution), he also experiences a reaction and suffers. Therefore, he is unable to perform wudu and is affected by tayammum every time he prays or daily. What is the ruling here regarding prayer and purification?

During wudu, I used to wipe my feet from the beginning of the nails to the arch of the foot. Later, I learned that wiping should be done from the tips of the toes to the joint between the foot and the leg, which is higher than the arch. Is my wudu invalid? Do I have to repeat all my past acts of worship, including prayer, Hajj, and Umrah?

If a person performing wudu (ablution) wipes their head from bottom to top or from one side to the other, does this invalidate their wudu, whether they are aware of it or not?

If someone, either voluntarily or involuntarily, touches something wet, such as a faucet, between the acts of ablution— for example, after washing the face, touching a wet faucet—does this invalidate the ablution?

Is it permissible to reuse the water that flows down from the face during ablution to wash the face or hands?