Is receiving the coronavirus vaccine once we are confident in it and in the manufacturing authority one of the obligatory measures for protecting oneself? Or is it permissible to skip it despite the possibility of contracting the virus and the potential danger it poses?
Answer
In the name of Allah, one must follow what expert, reliable physicians agree upon, and it is not permissible to be negligent in this matter. Allah is the Guide, and He knows best.
In light of what the world is witnessing from the spread of the Corona pandemic, we would like to ask for the opinion of our blessed authority: what is the ruling of fasting if one is afraid of getting the disease if he fasts?
Answer
In the name of Allah, if he knew that his fasting leads him to get the deadly disease (corona), he must break his fast. However, we came to know from the findings of specialist doctors that there is no relationship between fasting and the disease and it is narrated by all the Muslims that the prophet (PBUH&HF) said "Fast and you will be healthy". Let us take advantage of this honorable month of fasting to prevent all diseases, especially this wicked disease. May Allah Almighty reward all the people, especially the believers. Allah knows best.
What is the ruling on fasting the day of doubt (30th of Sha'ban)? What is the ruling of the one who intentionally breaks it by relying on the Hijri calendar or the media affiliated with some of the organizations?
Answer
In the name of Allah, he has nothing on him, but if it is proven that it was from the month of Ramadan, he must only make up for it [Qadha fasting]. Allah knows best.
To His Eminence the great religious authority, Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Bashir Hussein Al-Najafy (may Allah prolong his life),
Whoever fasts on the day of doubt believing that it is from Ramadan, then it turns out that that day is not the month of Ramadan, what is the ruling of it?
Answer
In the name of Allah, he must convert his intention into Sha’ban. Fasting is not permitted with the intention of the month of Ramadan unless the number of Sha’ban thirty days is completed or is proven to the one in one of the ways considered to be from the month of Ramadan. Allah knows best.
If the day of doubt becomes - from Sha'ban or from the month of Ramadan – the one who is not in fasting before or after noon, comes to know that it is from the month of Ramadan, so what is the ruling on that? Does the ruling differ as to whether he committed what breaks the fast or not?
Answer
In the name of Allah, if he had not committed what breaks the fast, then fasting should continue and it is counted for him. If he had actually committed what breaks the fasting, he should re-fast [Qadha], in addition to keep in abstention. Allah knows best.
If breaking the fast on the assumption that something possible is achieved, or if he intends to stop the prayer as well, is that harmful to his fast and prayer?
Answer
In the name of Allah, it is not permissible for him to do so. If he did, then he would have deliberately broken his fast, then he must pay penance if he is in the month of Ramadan. But, as for prayer, he must resume his prayer. Allah knows best.
If a person intends to fast and proceeded to observe it, then he violates his intention (he intended to break the fast), but he regrets and returned to his intention and does not eat, what does he need?
Answer
In the name of Allah, his fast is invalidated and he has to offer penance as a result of violating the vow. Allah knows best.
When should the fasting person refrain from fasting invalidators and when will he break the fast in the country in which the day is of more than twenty hours?
Answer
In the name of Allah, when the sun rises, it is obligatory to abide by the general rules which is that refraining is done when white thread is distinguished the black thread to the coming of the night, no matter how long the night is or day. If the day is too long, then he can travel until he ends up saving himself and for breakfast.
As for the areas in which the sun does not shine, but its light appears, and the inhabitants of the region deal with that light as we deal with the day, then the beginning and the end of the day are determined by that light.
And if he is in a region where no day and night is marked by a clear privilege, the Muslim should not live in that area at least during the days of Ramadan. Allah knows best.
Some witnesses attested to the confirmation of the crescent on Friday night, and we trust them, and there are those who challenge this testimony by saying: The crescent is mathematically not seen on Friday night, is this true?
Answer
In the name of Allah, if the claim of the impossibility of seeing is based absolute science, and knowing the non-conformity of testimony with reality, and this is a rare case, then it is obligatory to work with science, and to it some narrations indicate. Allah knows best.
What is Shiaa (something which is very popular in the community) which benefits knowledge? It is achieved if its source was one or two people, for example?
Answer
In the name of Allah, the Shiaa which benefits reassurance is what is popular to all the people in the region the person lives in or in all the regions of the world, such that a large group of people in or out of his region claim seeing the crescent. Allah knows best.
Is it permissible to rely on reliable scientific accounts to determine the beginning of the month, especially since clouds prevent sighting the crescent?
Answer
In the name of Allah, it is not permissible to rely on it, yes if it benefits knowledge or reassurance, it is the guide. Allah knows best.
If a person breaks the fast, believing that the moon of Shawwal has been proven as it is proven in the neighboring countries, afterwards, it turned out that it is not proven, what is the ruling of this?
Answer
In the name of Allah, he has to fast this day as Qadha fast and pay atonement. Allah knows best.
When is it confirmed to the fasting person that the crescent of the holy month of Ramadan has been sighted?
Answer
In the name of Allah, either he sights it by himself or is informed by someone whom he trusts in seeing the crescent, or Sha`ban has been completed fully, or with the ruling of the ruler or the popularity that is for sure, so any of these is sufficient. Allah knows best.
I am a person living in (Dublin). Is it permissible for me to appoint the first of the blessed Ramadan based on the proof of the crescent in the Gulf states?
Answer
In the name of Allah, If the crescent is confirmed in a region, its ruling is confirmed all over the world. Allah knows best.
If the crescent moon of Ramadan is confirmed to you on Thursday night, that is, the first day of Ramadan is Thursday. What is the ruling of the one who has been proven to him the beginning of the month of Sha`ban through what he has heard from the believers, that someone has seen the crescent and he can depend on him? Accordingly, he fasted on Thursday as the first day of Ramadan, because on Wednesday it was the completion of the month of Sha’ban, and on the morning of Thursday and his intention that it was from Ramadan, but it became clear that the majority of scholars in our country did not confirm that it was from Ramadan, so he became suspicious:
1. What is the ruling of fasting if this day is not proved to be part of the month of Ramadan?
2. If he changed his intention in the morning of Thursday of Ramadan to what he missed of old fasting, or from Sha'ban or the matter he is heading to?
3. If doubt occurred that this day is not from Ramadan, but that doubt occurred after breaking the fast of this day, what is the ruling on fasting this day?
4. If the crescent moon of the month of Sha’ban is proven to him such that Wednesday is a completion for the month of Sha`ban; nevertheless, he fasted on Thursday with the intention of Qadha what is missed of old fasting, and not from the month of Ramadan?
Answer
A1. In the name of Allah, If it is proven to him or to someone whom depends on him that Thursday is the first of the month of Ramadan, his fast from the month of Ramadan is valid, and if it is not proven, it is from Sha'ban and he is rewarded in any case. Allah knows best.
A2. In the name of Allah, his fast is valid on all accounts, but it is only after knowing that that day is not proven to be from the month of Ramadan. Allah knows best.
A3. In the name of Allah, if it is proven in a reasonable way that it was from the month of Ramadan, he goes ahead with that. If not, it is regarded as general worship because fasting is required every day except for the days on which it is forbidden to fast. Allah knows best.
A4. In the name of Allah, fasting is valid from the month of Ramadan and it is counted for him. However, it is better for him to intend it from the month of Ramadan. Allah knows best.
If the crescent moon of Ramadan was confirmed by one of the scholars who are present in the region and the remaining scholars were not confirming it, what is the ruling? If it is proven - for example - with one of Najaf's best scholars and not proven by the scholars of our region, what is the ruling? And if it is proven by one of the scholars of Qom, the respected ones of knowledge, and it is not proven among the scholars of our region, what is the ruling?
Answer
In the name of Allah, if the scholar who is proven worthy of him to issue fatwas, and then rules according to his religious foundations, his rule is enforceable to all, even to the rest of the scholars whom the crescent has not proven to, then they must either abide by the fatwa or to precaution travel, unless one of them acquires unquestionable knowledge of the ruler's error of what he relied upon.
That is if the difference between the scholars is that the testimony is not complete with one of them and its completeness at another. If the difference is in terms of the unity of the horizon and its multiplicity, then the person who follows a scholar must work with what his scholar (reference) says according to the latter's fatwa, after imposing the authenticity of the right scholar. Allah knows best.
In countries where it is not possible to see the crescent for the presence of clouds, if a person ascends over the clouds and watches the crescent moon, does this prove it?
Answer
In the name of Allah, the meaning of the birth and vision of the crescent has been mentioned. If these conditions exist then it is true that it has been sighted. Allah knows best.
The phrase in the narrations is the absolute of the crescent, so is it sufficient to see it with a telescope or the like?
Answer
In the name of Allah, sighting with machines is not a true, but rather it is a vision of its image imprinted in the lenses, since our investigation that subjects are always exposed to be judged thus they are not based on customary thoroughness but rather they are based on mental accuracy (and therefore seeing the person on a screen is not seeing him realistically); therefore, the vision with machines is not a true vision, hence that it cannot be relied upon.
Yes, it is possible to locate the crescent with a telescope and other modern machines, then focus with the naked eye. If there was sight, then we would have sighted the crescent, not its image. Allah knows best.
Does Islam rely on the testimony of the just people?
Answer
In the name of Allah, there is no justice for a non-Muslim, and it is a must to meet the conditions like justice, faith, devoutness and others. Allah knows best.
Since the Mu'mneen are men and women who go out to see the crescent, is the crescent still proven to be sighted even if women are among the ones who would sight the crescent?
Answer
In the name of Allah, if the person is reassured, that if he swears by Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas (PBUH), he must follow whatever comes after it, because reassurance, absolute, and assertion are a proof against every sane person.
As for what the astronomer says astronomy, even if the latter is right, it is not permissible to rely on him/ her. Additionally, circulating the sighting among only women does not prove the sighting. Allah knows best.
If a person is reassured about the beginning of the month through the astrologers, will his rulings be reliable and followed?
Answer
In the name of Allah, if the person is reassured, that if he swears by Abu Al-Fadl Al-Abbas (PBUH), he must follow whatever comes after it, because reassurance, absolute, and assertion are a proof against every sane person.
As for what the astronomer says astronomy, even if the latter is right, it is not permissible to rely on him/ her.
If we take into account the increasing strength of understanding, control and accuracy of women, that it is benefited from them today in many areas of investigation in society, is the rule of non-reliability on women of sighting the crescent as it was before?
Answer
In the name of Allah, the ruling is purely devotional and does not change. Yes, if she sights or has her complete certainty or reassurance, she must abide by the function of sighting the crescent. Allah knows best.
Is it possible to generalize the sighting(of the crescent) for a large part of the globe by adhering to the launching of narrations of sighting, evidence, the unity of Laylatul Qadr, the unity of Eid (in the prayer's Qunot), Alsimat dua'a and others, not to mention the modern science that sees that if the crescent came out of the new-moon, it can be seen in many places of the globe wherever these places are, as long as they're within nine hours (time zone) difference.
Answer
In the name of Allah, my son, if the moon comes out of the sun light and becomes late to its vertical rays, the crescent is generated in the linguistic sense, otherwise the scientific meaning is that it is generated as soon as the half-moon line moves from the half-sun line, or after the moon’s circle has shifted from the tip of the sunset and exiting the east circle of the sun's horizon; but all of that does not meet unless the sighting is achieved, because the evidences have proven that the signs for the starting of the month must be arranged that the moon falls behind the sun to the extent that its sighting is realized. Once what was mentioned is accomplished then it is the start of the month. The decision is not about one place rather than another, as the solar date is associated with the movement of the sun, and the lunar date is associated with movement of the moon and the latter is only one, so the dating one also as the case for the solar dating. Allah knows best.
If a person sights the crescent, but the ruler has not judged, what should the people do in this case?
Answer
In his name of Allah, if the person is convinced of sighting the crescent, then he/she must abide by what he/she saw in his/her bare eyes. The prophet (PBUH&HF) said "fast when it (the crescent) is sighted and break when it is sighted", as well as whoever is convinced and satisfied with the crescent being sighted, abide by it. Allah knows best.
If one is in the honored Mecca and the crescent was sighted there and one did his fasting, and during the month of Ramadan one returned to one’s homeland, does one have to fast the month of Ramadan according to one’s country or according to the honored Mecca, adding to the fact that one fasted what is according to one’s country 31 days?
Answer
In the name of Allah, your question is based on "multiple horizons" which is the opposite of the chosen one, and the correct one according to the well-known proofs is the unity of the horizon. If the crescent is sighted in a region of the earth, it is to be applied to the entire earth. So, what you have imagined will not occur. May Allah guide us to the right path. Allah knows best.
